Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)

Abstract

Lima bean is an orphan legume that is indigenous to South America. Despite its global distribution to hot regions and specific temperate locations, wild crop varieties have been found exclusively on the American continent. This study examines the origins, distribution patterns and botanical characteristics of lima bean to explore the potential influence of evolution on their geographic spread. Our focus relies on the study of plant gene pools, evolutionary relationships and classification systems. Additionally, we prioritize the collection, characterization, evaluation and conservation of germplasm. This analysis emphasizes the utilization of germplasm in plant improvement through conventional methodologies. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration of genomic and genetic resources for the purpose of enhancing crop improvement in lima bean. It also explores the utility of genomic tools in identifying introgression events. This study further looks at the reduction of genetic diversity in traditional areas and the constraints in utilizing germplasm to assess the potential disruption of evolutionary dynamics in ecological adaptability and the widespread utilization of cultivars. It is a clear imperative to prioritize the conservation of wild species and thoroughly document the genetic diversity they possess, particularly in relation to the comprehensive impact of introgressions on the whole genome and their significance for improvement programmes. Furthermore, recent advancements in the scientific understanding of plants, utilizing principles of genomics and agronomy, have resulted in significant modifications to production practices.