Browsing by Author "Contreras Panizo, Rosa"

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Desarrollo de un Biocuero a base de orujo de uva
(INDECOPI, 2025-11-13) Contreras Panizo, Rosa; Sueldo Rojas, Henry Michael; Marrufo Saldaña, Liliana del Rosario
La presente invención se refiere al desarrollo de textiles recubiertos con características de biodegradabilidad, utilizando compuestos poliméricos que incorporan biomasa derivada de la industria vinícola, específicamente el orujo de uva, como ingrediente activo y carga funcional. Este material sostenible se posiciona como una alternativa al cuero tradicional, contribuyendo a reducir el impacto ambiental asociado a su producción. Una de las principales características de esta invención es su composición, que comprende un 80% de materia orgánica y un 20% de polímeros sintéticos, logrando un equilibrio óptimo entre sostenibilidad y rendimiento funcional. Para su elaboración, se emplean polímeros de base biológica, como látex natural y derivados de polisacáridos, combinados con compuestos funcionales presentes en el orujo, como polifenoles y taninos, que mejoran las propiedades físicas, químicas y estéticas del biocuero. Asimismo, se implementaron técnicas de compatibilización que optimizan la integración de los componentes orgánicos en la matriz polimérica, garantizando la estabilidad y homogeneidad del material final. Este enfoque no solo promueve la valorización de residuos agroindustriales, sino que también permite obtener un material con propiedades superiores en términos de biodegradabilidad, resistencia mecánica y adaptabilidad, adecuado para su aplicación en sectores como la producción de accesorios de la moda y tapicería o marroquinería que demandan alternativas sostenibles. De este modo, la invención responde a la creciente necesidad de maximizar el uso de recursos renovables y minimizar el impacto ambiental. Los productos desarrollados a partir de esta invención pueden emplearse en la fabricación de artículos de marroquinería, calzado, tapicería, moda, equipamiento deportivo, decoración y electrónica de consumo, donde tradicionalmente se utilizan cueros convencionales, biocuero o textiles recubiertos. Gracias a su buena resistencia mecánica, estabilidad dimensional, protección UV, flexibilidad, transpirabilidad y la posibilidad de incorporar propiedades antimicrobianas, estos materiales ofrecen una alternativa sostenible y de alto rendimiento, contribuyendo a prolongar la vida útil de los productos y a reducir su huella ambiental.
Development of a Degreasing Process for Paiche Skins (Arapaima gigas) for Tanning Preserving the Natural Pattern and Color
(Leather and Footwear Research Institute (INCDTP-ICPI), 2020-6-30) Segundo Espada, Abdón; Marrufo Saldaña, Liliana; Barra Hinojosa, Julio; Contreras Panizo, Rosa
DEVELOPMENT OF A DEGREASING PROCESS FOR PAICHE SKINS (Arapaima gigas) FOR TANNING PRESERVING THE NATURAL PATTERN AND COLOR ABSTRACT. The utilization of Amazonian fish skins, like paiche, to obtain leather, has been gaining importance in Peru. The beauty of the pattern of this fish skin comes from its light beige color and the black strip that runs through its back. This research aimed to develop a degreasing process for the tanning of paiche skin, that allows to preserve its natural pattern and color in the finished leather. For this purpose, a mixture of degreasers, diesel oil, lipases, and surfactants was used. In tanned skins, physical-mechanical properties, such as tear strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage, and shrinkage temperature, were evaluated. The presence of fishy smell in tanned paiche skins was evaluated through an analysis of fat content, fatty acid profiles, and sensorial tests. Besides, wastewater of the process was characterized to determine BOD5, COD, TSS, oils, and greases, TPH, phenols, and pH. This wastewater was treated by a laboratory-scale system, based on sedimentation, sifting, and flocculation-coagulation. As a result, a degreasing process using 8% of diesel oil, 18% of surfactants and 1.2% of lipidic enzymes, applied in cycles before and after the pickling process, was established. This process allowed the conservation of pattern and color of skin and the reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids that cause the fishy smell in the leather, which complied with physical-mechanical standards for making footwear, bags, and clothing. Thus, a reduction in the pollutant charge in wastewater was achieved to acceptable environmental levels. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Estimation of the Allowable Concentration of Chlorides in Soaking Effluents from the Tanning Process Using Ecotoxicological Tools
(Leather and Footwear Research Institute (INCDTP-ICPI), 2020-12-15) Mogollon Ropa, Ruth; Marrufo Saldaña, Liliana; Barra Hinojosa, Julio; Contreras Panizo, Rosa; Buleje Del Carpio, Robert
The use of sodium chloride for the preservation of pelts and skins destined for tanning is a very widespread technique in Peru, therefore the quantities used of this salt represent high concentrations of chlorides in the liquid effluents that are generated, which can affect the environmental quality of ecosystems and human health. The present study aimed to estimate an allowable concentration of chlorides in tanning effluents using ecotoxicological tools so that it would serve as a guide for the tanning industry and the authorities in their efforts to establish better conservation practices and effluent control parameters, which are currently absent from national environmental legislation. The permissible concentration of chlorides was determined using bioassays with seeds of Lactuca sativa species (lettuce), which was exposed to soaking effluents obtained from local tanneries. The studied species was determined based on sensitivity tests to zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) applied to three commercial lettuce species. The selected lettuce seed presented a germination rate higher than 90%, a CV lower than 30% and an IC50 of 38.97 mg/L of Zn+2 with a confidence interval between 19.30 mg/L and 58.65 mg/L of Zn+2. The admissible guide concentration determined for chlorides in soaking effluents from IC50 was 582.30 mg/L with a minimum value of 258.45 mg/L and a maximum of 906.15 mg/L. Additionally, because of the presence of other pollutants in the soaking effluents, such as bactericides, organic matter, enzymes and salts added in soaking process, tests with synthetic solutions of sodium chloride at the same concentrations of the soaking effluents were conducted, to evaluate the effect produced by those substances.